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Creep life assessment of aero-engine recuperator based on continuum damage mechanics approach

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第17卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-022-0702-6

摘要： The creep life of an aeroengine recuperator is investigated in terms of continuum damage mechanics by using finite element simulations. The effects of the manifold wall thickness and creep properties of brazing filler metal on the operating life of the recuperator are analyzed. Results show that the crack initiates from the brazing filler metal located on the outer surface of the manifold with the wall thickness of 2 mm and propagates throughout the whole region of the brazing filler metal when the creep time reaches 34900 h. The creep life of the recuperator meets the requirement of 40000 h continuous operation when the wall thickness increases to 3.5 mm, but its total weight increases by 15%. Decreasing the minimum creep strain rate with the enhancement of the creep strength of the brazing filler metal presents an obvious effect on the creep life of the recuperator. At the same stress level, the creep rupture time of the recuperator is enhanced by 13 times if the mismatch between the minimum creep rate of the filler and base metal is reduced by 20%.

关键词： creep     life assessment     brazed joint     continuum damage mechanics     aeroengine recuperator    

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Environmental, social, and economic assessment of energy utilization of crop residue in China

Yueling ZHANG, Junjie LI, Huan LIU, Guangling ZHAO, Yajun TIAN, Kechang XIE

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 308-319 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0696-x

摘要： This paper aims to discuss an environmental, social, and economic analysis of energy utilization of crop residues from life cycle perspectives in China. The methodologies employed to achieve this objective are environmental life cycle assessment (E-LCA), life cycle cost (LCC), and social life cycle assessment (S-LCA). Five scenarios are developed based on the conversion technologies and final bioenergy products. The system boundaries include crop residue collection, transportation, pre-treatment, and conversion process. The replaced amounts of energy are also taken into account in the E-LCA analysis. The functional unit is defined as 1 MJ of energy produced. Eight impact categories are considered besides climate change in E-LCA. The investment capital cost and salary cost are collected and compared in the life cycle of the scenarios. Three stakeholders and several subcategories are considered in the S-LCA analysis defined by UNEP/SETAS guidelines. The results show that the energy utilization of crop residue has carbon emission factors of 0.09–0.18 kg (CO eq per 1 MJ), and presents a net carbon emissions reduction of 0.03–0.15 kg (CO eq per 1 MJ) compared with the convectional electricity or petrol, but the other impacts should be paid attention to in the biomass energy scenarios. The energy utilization of crop residues can bring economic benefit to local communities and the society, but the working conditions of local workers need to be improved in future biomass energy development.

关键词： crop residue     life cycle assessment     life cycle cost     social life cycle assessment     energy production    

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Identification and assessment of environmental burdens of Chinese copper production from a life cycle

Xiaolong SONG,Jianxin YANG,Bin LU,Bo LI,Guangyuan ZENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第4期   页码 580-588 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0599-8

摘要： The environmental burdens of Chinese copper production have been identified and quantified in the context of typical technologies, materials supplies and environmental emissions by a life cycle approach. Primary and secondary copper production using copper ores and scraps, respectively, were analyzed in detail. The flash and bath smelting approaches and the recycling of copper scraps were selected as representative copper production processes. A quantitative analysis was also conducted to assess the influence of material transport distance in copper production. Life cycle assessment (LCA) results showed that resources depletion and human health contribute significantly to environmental burdens in Chinese copper production. In addition, the secondary copper production has dramatically lower environmental burdens than the primary production. There is no obvious distinction in overall environmental burdens in primary copper production by flash or bath smelting approach. However, resources depletion is lower and the damage to human health is higher for flash smelting approach. Ecosystem quality damage is slight for both approaches. Environmental burdens from the mining stage contribute most in all life cycle stages in primary copper production. In secondary copper production, the electrolytic refining stage dominates. Based on the life cycle assessment results, some suggestions for improving environmental performance were proposed to meet the sustainable development of Chinese copper industry.

关键词： copper production     environmental burden     life cycle assessment     refined copper    

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Life-cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis of the production of wood vinegar from stem: a case

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期   页码 1109-1121 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2296-2

摘要： This research undertook a case study of the life-cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis of the slow pyrolysis of Eucommia stem for the production of wood vinegar and activated carbon. The results showed that the production of one ton of wood vinegar via the slow pyrolysis of Eucommia stem show comparatively low global warming potential (2.37 × 102 kg CO2 eq), primary energy demand (3.16 × 103 MJ), acidification potential (2.19 kg SO2 eq), antimony depletion potential (3.86 × 10–4 kg antimony eq), and ozone depletion potential (7.46 × 10–6 kg CFC-11 eq) and was more environmentally friendly than the production of dilute acetic acid (12 wt %) via petrochemical routes. Meanwhile, the total capital investment, total product cost, and cash flowsheet were provided in the techno-economic analysis. Then, the net present value, internal rate of return, and dynamic payback period of the production process were evaluated. The findings indicated that while this production process is cost-effective, it might not be economically attractive or could generate investment risks. An increase in the added value of the wood vinegar and the activated carbon could remarkably improve the economic feasibility of this production process.

关键词： life-cycle assessment     techno-economic analysis     wood vinegar     activated carbon     Eucommia    

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Life cycle carbon emission assessment of a multi-purpose university building: A case study of Sri Lanka

Ramya KUMANAYAKE, Hanbin LUO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第3期   页码 381-393 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018055

摘要：

Buildings are known to significantly affect the global carbon emissions throughout their life cycle. To mitigate carbon emissions, investigation of the current performance of buildings with regard to energy consumption and carbon emissions is necessary. This paper presents a process-based life cycle assessment methodology for assessing carbon emissions of buildings, using a multi-storey reinforced concrete building in a Sri Lankan university as a case study. The entire cradle-to-grave building life cycle was assessed and the life span of the building was assumed as 50 years. The results provide evidence of the significance of operation and material production stages, which contributed to the total carbon emissions by 63.22% and 31.59% respectively. Between them, the main structural materials, concrete and reinforcement steel made up 61.91% of the total carbon emitted at the material production stage. The life cycle carbon emissions of the building were found to be 31.81 kg·m−2 CO2 per year, which is comparable with the values obtained in similar studies found in the literature. In minimizing the life cycle carbon emissions, the importance of identifying control measures for both building operation and material production at the early design stage were emphasized. Although the other life cycle stages only contributed to about 5.19% of the life cycle carbon emissions, they should also receive attention when formulating control strategies. Some of the recommended strategies are introducing energy efficiency measures in building design and operation, using renewable energy for building operation and manufacturing of materials, identifying designs that can save mass material quantities, using alternative materials that are locally available in Sri Lanka and implementing material reuse and recycling. This study is one of the first to undertake a life cycle carbon emissions assessment for a building in the Sri Lankan context, with the hope of facilitating environmentally-friendly buildings and promoting sustainable construction practices in the country.

关键词： carbon emission     life cycle assessment     buildings     sustainable construction     Sri Lanka    

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Life cycle assessment and economic analysis of HFC-134a production from natural gas compared with oil-based

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第12期   页码 1713-1725 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2210-y

摘要： China is the largest producer and consumer of HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) in the world. Coal-based route is mainly adopted to produce HFC-134a, which suffers from large waste and CO2 emissions. Natural gas is a low-carbon and clean energy resource, and no research has been found on the environment and economy of producing HFC-134a from natural gas. In this study, CML 2001 method was used to carry out the life cycle assessment of natural gas (partial oxidation)-based and natural gas (plasma cracking)-based routes (abbreviated as gas(O)-based and gas(P)-based routes, respectively), and their environmental performances were compared with coal-based and oil-based routes. Meanwhile, considering that China is vigorously promoting the transformation of energy structure, and the application of electric heating equipment to replace fossil-based heating equipment in industrial field, which has a great impact on the environmental performance of the production processes, the authors conducted a scenario analysis. The results showed that the gas(O)-based route had the most favourable environmental benefits. However, the gas(P)-based route had the highest potential for reducing environmental burdens, and its environmental benefit was the most favourable in scenario 2050. Additionally, the economic performance of the gas(P)-based route was significantly better than that of gas(O)-based and coal-based routes.

关键词： life cycle assessment     economic performance     HFC-134a     natural gas     oil     coal    

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Comparison on End-of-Life strategies of WEEE in China based on LCA

Bin Lu, Xiaolong Song, Jianxin Yang, Dong Yang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0994-7

摘要： As the Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE) are upgraded more frequently in China, a large quantity of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) was and will be generated. It becomes an urgent issue to develop and adopt an effective End-of-Life (EoL) strategy for EEE in order to balance the resource recovery and environmental impacts. In an EoL strategy hierarchy for EEE, reuse strategy is usually deemed to be prior to materials recovery and other strategies. But in practice, the advantages and disadvantages of different strategies are always context-dependent. Therefore, main EoL strategies for EEE in China need to be evaluated in environment and resources aspects from the life cycle perspective. In this study, the obsolete refrigerator and Power Supply Unit (PSU) of desktop PC are both taken as the target products. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is applied to assess the environmental impacts of different EoL scenarios in China: Unit Reuse Scenario (URS), Component Reuse Scenario (CRS) and Materials Recovery Scenario (MRS). The LCA results show that the EoL strategies hierarchy is reasonable for the part of computer, but not necessarily suitable for obsolete refrigerators. When the policy makers promote or demote one EoL strategy especially reuse, it is necessary to take subsequent impacts into consideration.

关键词： End-of-Life     Waste electrical and electronic equipment     Life cycle assessment     Reuse    

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Assessment of fatigue life of remanufactured impeller based on FEA

Lei XU,Huajun CAO,Hailong LIU,Yubo ZHANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第11卷 第3期   页码 219-226 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0394-x

摘要：

Predicting the fatigue life of remanufactured centrifugal compressor impellers is a critical problem. In this paper, the S-N curve data were obtained by combining experimentation and theory deduction. The load spectrum was compiled by the rain-flow counting method based on the comprehensive consideration of the centrifugal force, residual stress, and aerodynamic loads in the repair region. A fatigue life simulation model was built, and fatigue life was analyzed based on the fatigue cumulative damage rule. Although incapable of providing a high-precision prediction, the simulation results were useful for the analysis of fatigue life impact factors and fatigue fracture areas. Results showed that the load amplitude greatly affected fatigue life, the impeller was protected from running at over-speed, and the predicted fatigue life was satisfied within the next service cycle safely at the rated speed.

关键词： remanufactured impeller     fatigue life     impeller failures     finite element analysis (FEA)    

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Analysis on carbon emission reduction intensity of fuel cell vehicles from a life-cycle perspective

《能源前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0909-1

摘要： The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is rapidly developing in China for carbon reduction and neutrality. This paper evaluated the life-cycle cost and carbon emission of hydrogen energy via lots of field surveys, including hydrogen production and packing in chlor-alkali plants, transport by tube trailers, storage and refueling in hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs), and application for use in two different cities. It also conducted a comparative study for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). The result indicates that hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (FCV) has the best environmental performance but the highest energy cost. However, a sufficient hydrogen supply can significantly reduce the carbon intensity and FCV energy cost of the current system. The carbon emission for FCV application has the potential to decrease by 73.1% in City A and 43.8% in City B. It only takes 11.0%–20.1% of the BEV emission and 8.2%–9.8% of the ICEV emission. The cost of FCV driving can be reduced by 39.1% in City A. Further improvement can be obtained with an economical and “greener” hydrogen production pathway.

关键词： hydrogen energy     life-cycle assessment (LCA)     fuel cell vehicle     carbon emission     energy cost    

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Carbon emission analysis of a residential building in China through life cycle assessment

Yin ZHANG,Xuejing ZHENG,Huan ZHANG,Gaofeng CHEN,Xia WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 150-158 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0684-7

摘要： In this paper, a quantitative life cycle model for carbon emission accounting was developed based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) theory. A residential building in Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city (Tianjin, China) was selected as a sample, which had been constructed according to the concept of green environmental protection and sustainable development. In the scenario of this research, material production, construction, use and maintenance, and demolition phases were assessed by building carbon emission models. Results show that use and maintenance phase and material production phase are the most significant contributors to the life cycle carbon emissions of a building. We also analyzed some factor influences in LCA, including the thickness of the insulating layer and the length of building service life. The analysis suggest that thicker insulating layer does not necessarily produce less carbon emissions in the light of LCA, and if service life of a building increases, its carbon emissions during the whole life cycle will rise as well but its unit carbon emission will decrease inversely. Some advices on controlling carbon emissions from buildings are also provided.

关键词： life cycle assessment     carbon emission     factor influence analysis    

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Environmental and human health impact assessment of major interior wall decorative materials

Bingqing ZHANG, Ruochen ZENG, Xiaodong LI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第3期   页码 406-415 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0025-4

摘要： Despite the growing interest in green products in the interior wall decorative material market, knowledge gaps exist because determining which product is more environmental and user friendly than the others is difficult. This work assesses the environmental and human health profiles of interior latex and wallpaper. Two interior latex products of different raw material ratios and one non-woven wallpaper product are considered. The environmental impact assessment follows life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology and applies Building Environmental Performance Analysis System (BEPAS). The human health impact is based on impact-pathway chain and is performed using Building Health Impact Analysis System (BHIAS). The assessment scope, associated emissions, and territorial scope of various emissions are defined to facilitate comparison study of interior wall decorative products. The impacts are classified into 15 categories belonging to three safeguard areas: ecological environment, natural resources, and human health. The impacts of categories are calculated and monetized using willingness to pay (WTP) and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and summarized as an integrated external cost of environmental and human health impacts. Assessment results reveal that the integrated impact of interior latex is lower than that of non-woven wallpaper, and the interior latex of low quality causes low life cycle integrated impact. The most impacted categories are global warming, respiratory effects, and water consumption. Hotspots of product manufacturing are recognized to promote green product design.

关键词： life cycle assessment     human health impact     integrated assessment     interior wall decorative material     green product    

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Life cycle assessment of low impact development technologies combined with conventional centralized water

Hyunju Jeong, Osvaldo A. Broesicke, Bob Drew, Duo Li, John C. Crittenden

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0851-0

摘要： Hybrid system of LID technologies and conventional system was examined. Bioretention areas, rainwater harvesting, and xeriscaping were considered. Technology feasibility was simulated for land use and population density. Synergistic effects of technologies were quantified in defined zones. Uncertainty test was conducted with pedigree matrix and Monte Carlo analysis. Low-impact development (LID) technologies, such as bioretention areas, rooftop rainwater harvesting, and xeriscaping can control stormwater runoff, supply non-potable water, and landscape open space. This study examines a hybrid system (HS) that combines LID technologies with a centralized water system to lessen the burden on a conventional system (CS). CS is defined as the stormwater collection and water supply infrastructure, and the conventional landscaping choices in the City of Atlanta. The study scope is limited to five single-family residential zones (SFZs), classified R-1 through R-5, and four multi-family residential zones (MFZs), classified RG-2 through RG-5. Population density increases from 0.4 (R-1) to 62.2 (RG-5) persons per 1,000 m . We performed a life cycle assessment (LCA) comparison of CS and HS using TRACI 2.1 to simulate impacts on the ecosystem, human health, and natural resources. We quantified the impact of freshwater consumption using the freshwater ecosystem impact (FEI) indicator. Test results indicate that HS has a higher LCA single score than CS in zones with a low population density; however, the difference becomes negligible as population density increases. Incorporating LID in SFZs and MFZs can reduce potable water use by an average of 50% and 25%, respectively; however, water savings are negligible in zones with high population density (i.e., RG-5) due to the diminished surface area per capita available for LID technologies. The results demonstrate that LID technologies effectively reduce outdoor water demand and therefore would be a good choice to decrease the water consumption impact in the City of Atlanta.

关键词： Life cycle assessment (LCA)     Low impact development (LID)     Bioretention area     Rainwater harvesting     Xeriscaping    

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船体结构疲劳寿命的评估

李靖宇,田常录

《中国工程科学》 2006年 第8卷 第2期   页码 51-54

摘要：

船舶事故分析表明，疲劳破坏是其结构破坏的主要形式。由于船体中节点的多样性以及节点荷载的复杂性，使得船体结构的疲劳校核计算也相当复杂，所以工程中提出了一些简化方法。介绍了船体结构疲劳强度校核的基本原理，疲劳载荷和疲劳累积损伤计算方法；编写了船体结构疲劳强度校核程序，并用其评估了大型油轮（VLCC）在典型节点处的疲劳寿命。

关键词： 船体结构     疲劳寿命     累积损伤    

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the efficiency and environmental impact of two methods of utilizing polyvinyl chloride waste based on life

WU Yuehui,WANG Guoliang,WANG Zhen,LIU Yi,GU Ping,SUN Dezhi

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 451-462 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0614-0

摘要： Two processes of utilizing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waste, an incineration process and a vacuum pyrolysis process, for energy conversion were compared to determine their efficiency and environmental performance. We carried out a life cycle assessment with each of the two processes to evaluate their environmental impact and defined the goals and limits of our remit. As well, we established an inventory of PVC waste from incineration and vacuum pyrolysis based on process analysis, data collection and calculations. The results show that electrical power output per unit mass of PVC waste in the incineration process was twice as high as that of the vacuum pyrolysis process. Incineration had a larger total environmental impact potential than vacuum pyrolysis. The total environmental impact potential of PVC waste from incineration was three times higher than that from vacuum pyrolysis. Incineration of PVC disposed 300 ng·100 kg of dioxins and vacuum pyrolysis 98.19 ng·100 kg of dioxins. As well, we analyzed the data for their uncertainty with results quantified in terms of three uncertainties: basic uncertainty, additional uncertainty, and computational uncertainty. The coefficients of variation of the data were less than 25% and the quality of the inventory data was acceptable with low uncertainty. Both PVC waste disposal processes were of similar quality and their results comparable. The results of our life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) showed considerable reliability of our methodology. Overall, the vacuum pyrolysis process has a number advantages and greater potential for development of PVC disposal than the incineration process.

关键词： polyvinyl chloride waste     utilization     incineration process     vacuum pyrolysis process     life cycle assessment    

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STRATEGIES FOR A LOW-CARBON FOOD SYSTEM IN CHINA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 167-182 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023494

摘要：

● A provincial stage-specific greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting model for the Chinese food system was developed.

关键词： greenhouse gas emissions     food system     life cycle assessment     environmental input-output analysis     mitigation strategies    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Creep life assessment of aero-engine recuperator based on continuum damage mechanics approach

期刊论文

Environmental, social, and economic assessment of energy utilization of crop residue in China

Yueling ZHANG, Junjie LI, Huan LIU, Guangling ZHAO, Yajun TIAN, Kechang XIE

期刊论文

Identification and assessment of environmental burdens of Chinese copper production from a life cycle

Xiaolong SONG,Jianxin YANG,Bin LU,Bo LI,Guangyuan ZENG

期刊论文

Life-cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis of the production of wood vinegar from stem: a case

期刊论文

Life cycle carbon emission assessment of a multi-purpose university building: A case study of Sri Lanka

Ramya KUMANAYAKE, Hanbin LUO

期刊论文

Life cycle assessment and economic analysis of HFC-134a production from natural gas compared with oil-based

期刊论文

Comparison on End-of-Life strategies of WEEE in China based on LCA

Bin Lu, Xiaolong Song, Jianxin Yang, Dong Yang

期刊论文

Assessment of fatigue life of remanufactured impeller based on FEA

Lei XU,Huajun CAO,Hailong LIU,Yubo ZHANG

期刊论文

Analysis on carbon emission reduction intensity of fuel cell vehicles from a life-cycle perspective

期刊论文

Carbon emission analysis of a residential building in China through life cycle assessment

Yin ZHANG,Xuejing ZHENG,Huan ZHANG,Gaofeng CHEN,Xia WANG

期刊论文

Environmental and human health impact assessment of major interior wall decorative materials

Bingqing ZHANG, Ruochen ZENG, Xiaodong LI

期刊论文

Life cycle assessment of low impact development technologies combined with conventional centralized water

Hyunju Jeong, Osvaldo A. Broesicke, Bob Drew, Duo Li, John C. Crittenden

期刊论文

船体结构疲劳寿命的评估

李靖宇,田常录

期刊论文

the efficiency and environmental impact of two methods of utilizing polyvinyl chloride waste based on life

WU Yuehui,WANG Guoliang,WANG Zhen,LIU Yi,GU Ping,SUN Dezhi

期刊论文

STRATEGIES FOR A LOW-CARBON FOOD SYSTEM IN CHINA

期刊论文